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Basilica of St. Mary Major - Jubilee 2025 Pilgrimage Guide

4.3(130.8K Ratings)

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facade of basilica of st mary major






From happy customers

Loved by 35 million+
Stephanie Cordova
CA

Stephanie

Canada
Jul 2025
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Paulina was a star! In the heat and in the crowds she led our group through the Vatican museum, Sistine chapel and led us to St Peter's Basilica (where she did pre instruction as she cannot guide there. Our family learned a lot we would not know without the tour.
Kimberly Liberty
US

Kimberly

United States
Jul 2025
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Our guide Marta was very knowledgeable and nice. She was a great storyteller and gave great background throughout the tour in each area. The tour was good and I would recommend them. We had a very nice time on this tour and it went to all the spots we wanted. The description is accurate on what you get with the tour. I only have one suggestion - and that is during times with extreme crowds, it is important to ensure that all of the group is accounted for. My husband and I (and another girl we didn't know) were separated during the tour in a critical area to short cut into the Sistine Chapel. The group was given 15 minutes there, but because we were lost and took the long way, buy the time we got there, we were rushed and didn't get the time the rest of the group had. Please make sure to keep the group together. I do understand it is very hard because of the crowds, so this situation alone would not keep me from taking this tour with this tour group again as everything else in the tour was great.
Jennifer Lomas
US

Jennifer

United States
Jul 2025
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+2 more

We toured all the major areas and some of the gardens including the Sistine Chapel in about 3.5 hours. The flow through the Vatican was well thought out, some areas were more congested than others, but nothing unexpected or uncomfortable for such a popular destination.
Christine Carole White
US

Christine

United States
Jun 2025
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We had skip the line tickets so it was only 20 min wait. We saw the museum, had lunch in the garden and visited the Sistine Chapel.
Hunter Brabham
US

Hunter

United States
Jul 2025
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+2 more

As someone with no base knowledge besides that the Vatican is the home of Catholicism. This was a great way for me to learn about all of Vatican City and the history of it. I would have been wandering around aimlessly without my tour
Georg Allgaier
DE

Georg

Germany
Jul 2025
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The insight into the beautiful, otherwise inaccessible Vatican Gardens was a highlight of my trip to Rome and the museums are also extremely interesting. The only thing was that the tour could have lasted a little longer / gone a little slower / possibly with getting off at exciting places. Admission to the museum was also uncomplicated and quick, without long queues. A recommendation!
Sandra Cerri
IT

Sandra

Italy
Jul 2025
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+1 more

We purchased online tour of Vatican gardens +entrance Vatican Museums (without guide). Very nice staff who greeted us and guided us until we boarded the bus......tour very nice, they provided us with earphones for a recorded guide who showed us The beautiful gardens Exciting and unique the tour inside The Vatican Museums.Definitely the "highlight" was being able to skip the endless lines for entry...especially on these particularly hot days.Experience to be repeated for sure!
ABDEL AGUILAR
PA

Abdel

Panama
Jun 2025
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I really liked the cordiality of the guides and the simplicity of the tour, along with the information provided. We started a few minutes after the agreed time, but it was still excellent.

Top things to do in Rome

Basilica of St. Mary Major as a major pilgrimage site in Rome

The Basilica of St. Mary Major is one of Rome's four Papal Basilicas and a popular pilgrimage destination for Catholics. It is the largest and oldest Marian shrine in the Western world, dedicated to the Blessed Mary. The Basilica houses precious Marian relics, including a piece of holy manger where Jesus was laid, venerated under the High Altar and the iconic "Salus Populi Romani" painting. Its Baroque architecture, complemented by Marian mosaics, and its Papal recognition make it a significant destination for pilgrims seeking spiritual fulfillment, as well as for those interested in history, art, and architecture.

Complete Jubilee 2025 guide

Things to know before you book your Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore tickets

  • Access to Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore is free, but certain areas—like the dome, museum, and archaeological sites—require a ticket. Your ticket includes an audio guide (Italian, English, Spanish, French, German) with rich insights into the basilica’s history and art, letting you explore at your own pace.
  • Expert-led tours take you beyond the main basilica, giving you an in-depth look at the Treasury Room and underground archaeological area, which are not accessible to general visitors.
  • During Jubilee years, pilgrims must register online and obtain a free pilgrim's card to attend special masses and events.

Significance of Basilica of St. Mary Major during Jubilee 2025

The Jubilee 2025 is a moment of spiritual renewal, drawing millions of pilgrims to Rome in search of indulgences, forgiveness, and divine grace. As the oldest Marian basilica in the Western world, St. Mary Major holds a special place in this sacred journey. Here’s why it is a must-visit during the Jubilee:

Holy door & pilgrimage route

The Holy Door of St. Mary Major, opened only during Jubilee years, represents a passage into divine grace. Walking through it is a powerful act of faith and devotion.

  • The basilica is one of Rome’s Seven Pilgrimage Churches, making it an essential stop for those completing the traditional pilgrimage route.
  • Pilgrims believe that stepping through the Holy Door with true repentance allows them to receive a Jubilee indulgence—a remission of sins.
Explore every Holy Door in Rome

How to receive a Jubilee indulgence*?

To obtain the indulgence, pilgrims must:
✔ Pass through the Holy Door of St. Mary Major.
✔ Attend Mass or spend time in prayer inside the basilica.
✔ Confess their sins and receive the Sacrament of Reconciliation.
✔ Pray for the Pope’s intentions (Our Father, Hail Mary, and the Creed).
✔ Perform an act of charity or reflect on spiritual teachings.

*A Jubilee indulgence is a special grace that removes the spiritual consequences of past sins, granted to pilgrims who follow certain acts of faith, such as passing through a Holy Door, confessing, praying, and performing good deeds.

Special Jubilee Masses & Marian celebrations

As the most important Marian shrine in Rome, St. Mary Major will host:

  • Daily and special Jubilee Masses dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
  • Veneration of the Holy Manger relic, believed to be part of the crib where Jesus was laid.
  • Prayer services and spiritual teachings, deepening devotion to Mary.

💡 Tip: Major Marian feast days and Jubilee events will draw large crowds—arrive early to secure a good spot!

Papal visits & major events

As a Papal Basilica, St. Mary Major has historically hosted Papal ceremonies during Jubilee years. Highlights include:

  • Opening of the Holy Door by Pope Francis, marking the beginning of the Jubilee.
  • Marian processions and Papal blessings held at the basilica.
  • Pilgrimage gatherings, where the faithful come together in devotion.

💡 Plan ahead: The Jubilee will bring millions of visitors to Rome—book guided tours and accommodations early to enhance your experience!

Attend the Papal audience

Museum & chapels inside the Basilica of St. Mary Major

liberian historical museum

Liberian Historical Museum

Inaugurated in 2001 by Pope John Paul II, the museum houses the Treasury of the Basilica. Highlights include famous paintings like Salita al Calvario and Madonna con Bambino e Santi, ancient musical scores of the Venerable Liberian Musical Chapel, and precious liturgical objects. There’s a dedicated section dedicated to the history of devotion to the Salus Populi Romani.

hall inside basilica of st mary major

Hall of Popes

This grand space reflects Pope Paul V's architectural vision. Built by Flaminio Ponzio, it is a commemorative space for significant figures associated with the basilica, including Cardinals, Archpriest Saint Charles Borromeo, Popes, and the Spanish royal family.

woman observing archaeological site

Archaeological Area

Explore ancient Roman ruins beneath the church, including imperial-era rooms, a mosaic-adorned thermal bath, and rare frescoes depicting an agricultural calendar.

sistine chapel in basilica of st mary major

Sistine Chapel

Not to be confused with the one in the Vatican, this chapel was built by Pope Sixtus V. It contains his tomb and originally housed the Holy Manger by Arnolfo di Cambio.

borghese chapel in basilica of st mary major

Paolina Chapel (also called Borghese Chapel)

Named after Pope Paul V, this chapel features works by several masters, including Cavalier d'Arpino, Baglione, Guido Reni, and Bernini's father. It also contains the tombs of Pope Clement VIII and Pope Paul V, as well as the image of the "Salus Populi Romani" (Protectress and Health of the Roman People).

benches at sforza chapel in basilica of st mary major

Sforza Chapel

Dedicated to Saint Flora and Saint Lucilla, it was originally assigned to Michelangelo, and ultimately realized by Tiberio Calcagni who modified some details. It also has an altar-piece by Gerolamo Siciolante representing the assumption of the Virgin Mary.

Chapel of Saint Michael Archangel

Originally a Gothic chapel dedicated to Saints Michael Archangel and Peter in Chains, it was restored by Ferdinando Fuga for the Holy Year of 1750. Cardinal Archpriest d’Estouteville commissioned Piero della Francesca for the ceiling frescoes of the four Evangelists, which are of significant historical and artistic value.

cesi chapel at basilica of st mary major

Cesi Chapel

Dedicated to Saint Catherine of Alexandria, commissioned by Cardinal Federico Cesi around 1550. It features bronze tombs of Cardinals Paul and Federico Cesi by Guglielmo della Porta and Girolamo da Sermoneta's altarpiece depicting Saint Catherine's martyrdom.

Chapel of the Crucifix

This chapel is a relatively recent addition, rebuilt by architect Fuga in 1750. It is decorated with porphyry columns and entirely covered in marble. It contains precious reliquaries and a wooden crucifix from the early 1400s.

Highlights of the St. Mary Major Basilica

Cosmatesque Floor
facade of basilica of st mary major
st mary major basilica's Coffered Ceiling
bell tower of basilica of st mary major
high altar at basilica of st mary major
holy crib at basilica of st mary major
loggia of basilica of st mary major
mosaic at basilica of st mary major
tomb at basilica of st mary major
bernini's staircase at basilica of st mary major
bernini's tomb at basilica of st mary major
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Cosmatesque Floor

This is a mosaic floor that dates back to the 13th century. It is known for its intricate and decorative patterns, characteristic of the Cosmatesque style, which was popular in medieval Italy.

Facade

The façade of St. Mary Major is a grand and ornate structure designed by Fernando Fuga. It has five entrances and a balcony for papal blessings.

Coffered Ceiling

The coffered ceiling, designed by Giuliano da Sangallo in the 16th century, is said to be gilded with gold brought from the Americas by Christopher Columbus and presented to Pope Alexander VI by the Spanish king.

Bell Tower

The bell tower of St. Mary Major is the highest in Rome, standing at 240 feet. It is a prominent feature of the basilica's exterior and is also a popular landmark in the city.

High Altar

The High Altar is located at the apse of the basilica, where devotees come together for worship and ceremonies. The highlights include ornate decorations and a baldachin, a canopy supported by columns.

Holy Crib

A revered relic believed to be a fragment of the manger where Jesus was born, it's housed in a crystal shrine in the Crypt of the Nativity.

Loggia

The loggia is a balcony or porch at the main entrance of the basilica. It is used for papal blessings and other ceremonies.

Nave & Mosaics

The nave of St. Mary Major is a central aisle that runs the length of the church. It is divided into aisles by columns and is adorned with mosaics from the early fifth century. These mosaics depict scenes from the Old Testament and are some of the oldest Christian mosaics in Rome.

Tombs of Popes

The basilica is the final resting place for several popes, including Pope Pius V and Pope Sixtus V. The tombs speak to basilica's spiritual and cultural importance.

Bernini’s Staircase

Bernini’s Staircase is a grand and elegant staircase designed by Bernini himself. It is a masterpiece of Baroque architecture and takes you to the upper levels of the basilica.

Bernini’s Tomb

Bernini’s Tomb honors the great Italian sculptor and architect Gian Lorenzo Bernini. He was a prominent figure in the Catholic Church and designed many of the basilica's decorations, including the baldachin over the High Altar.

Legend of "Miracle of the Snow"

The legend surrounding the basilica's foundation involves a childless Roman couple in the 4th century who vowed to build a church dedicated to Mary if they were blessed with a child. They dreamt of the Virgin Mary indicating a specific location for the church.

Miraculously, on the sweltering morning of August 5, snow blanketed the Esquiline Hill. Pope Liberius marked the outline of the future basilica in the snow, leading to the construction of St. Mary Major. This event is commemorated annually on August 5th with a flower petal "snowfall" inside the basilica.

Plan your visit to Basilica of St. Mary Major

basilica of st mary major

St. Mary Major Basilica opening hours: 7am - 7pm with last admission at 6:30pm

Polo Museale is open from: 9:30am to 6pm, with the last admission at 5:30pm.

On the Solemnity of Mary the Mother of God, January 1, 2025, Pope Francis will open the Holy Door of the Basilica of St. Mary Major and will be closed on December 28, 2025.

Best time to visit

The best time to visit St. Mary Major Basilica is during the spring (April to May) and fall (September to October) when the weather is pleasant and crowds are smaller. Early mornings or late afternoons are ideal for a serene experience and fewer visitors. During the Jubilee Year, expect larger crowds, especially around the Holy Door. Book in advance for guided tours and accommodations.

mass at basilica of st mary major

Pauline Chapel: Weekdays: 7am, 8am, 10am, 11am, 12pm, 6pm; Sundays & Holidays: 7am, 8am, 9am

Papal Altar: Anticipated Mass: 6pm; Holidays: 10am - 6pm

Sforza Chapel: Daily Adoration: 9:30am, 5pm; Daily Rosary: 11:30am; Daily Divine Mercy Chaplet: 3pm; Daily Vespers & Blessing: 4:30pm

  • Mass at the Basilica is open to all individuals.
  • Daily Masses are held at various times throughout the day. 
  • Sunday Masses usually have a larger attendance, with special liturgical celebrations. There are also special liturgical events, particularly during Marian feasts. 
  • Visitors are expected to dress modestly as a sign of respect when entering the basilica. This typically means covering shoulders and knees.

Address: P.za di Santa Maria Maggiore, 00100 Roma RM, Italy

  • By metro: Take a line Metro A to the Termini Station, from there it’s a short ​550 meters walk via Via Giolitti and Via Gioberti. From Cavour Station (Line B), it’s a walk 750 meters.
  • By bus: You can take lines 105, 150F, 590, 71, 714, C3, 360, 649, NMA, 5, N5, N11, 14. Lines 70, 81, 85, 87, and 492 stop near the basilica. Closest stop is Carlo Alberto, ​46 meters away. 
  • By tram: Tram Line 3 and get off at the Vittorio Emanuele stop, which is ​300 meters away.
no food allowed inside the basilica
  • Shoulders must be covered for both men and women. Shorts, skirts, and dresses should be at or below the knee. Sleeveless tops and tank tops are not permitted. Hats should be removed when you enter the basilica.
  • Photography and filming are allowed inside the basilica for personal use only. No flash photography is permitted. Tripods are not allowed.
  • Visitors are expected to maintain silence and decorum inside the basilica
  • No eating, drinking, or chewing gum is allowed
  • Pets are not allowed inside the basilica, except for service animals.
  • Visitors under the influence of alcohol or drugs will be denied entry.
interiors of basilica of st mary major
  • Find a quiet corner within the basilica to meditate or simply absorb the ambiance. The chapel of St. Michael Archangel can be a peaceful retreat.
  • Go early in the morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds and long lines. Allow at least 1-2 hours to explore the basilica and its highlights.
  • If visiting during a Holy Year, pass through the Holy Door to earn a plenary indulgence. It represents a path from sin to salvation and the ultimate spiritual renewal.   
  • If visiting in August, try planning around August 5 to attend the Miracle of the Snows celebration and see the white petals falling from the coffered ceiling. Even if you can’t make it then, don’t miss the cycle of the V-century mosaics depicting biblical stories related to Abraham, Jacob, Moses, Joshua and life of Jesus, in the middle aisle and triumphal arch. 
  • Take a short 10-minute walk to see Michelangelo’s Moses at San Pietro in Vincoli.
  • Follow the dress code (covered shoulders and knees) to ensure entry.
  • Try Panificio Roscioni for a quick snack or L’Asino D’Oro for a delicious sit-down meal in Rione Monti.
  • Follow the Rome Jubilee itinerary to hit multiple holy spots in one day.
  • Bring a scarf or light jacket to cover up when needed, especially in the summer.

Brief history of the Basilica of St. Mary Major

  • 4th Century: Legend suggests the basilica's origins in a miraculous snowfall marking its construction site.
  • 422-432: Construction begins under Pope Celestine I.
  • 434: Pope Sixtus III consecrates the basilica on August 5th, dedicating it to the Virgin Mary.
  • 5th Century: The basilica becomes a symbol of Rome as the center of the Christian world, influenced by the Council of Ephesus' proclamation of Mary as Mother of God.
  • 6th Century: Pope Gregory the Great establishes Marian devotions, further elevating the basilica's importance.
  • 12th-13th Century: The basilica undergoes restorations and embellishments, including the iconic Cosmatesque floor.
  • 14th Century: The basilica suffers damage from an earthquake but is subsequently restored.
  • Baroque Era and Beyond (17th Century onwards)
  • 17th-18th Century: Extensive renovations under Popes Clement X and Benedict XIV, resulting in the current Baroque facade by Ferdinando Fuga.
  • 19th-20th Century: Further restorations and archaeological discoveries, including the uncovering of Roman ruins beneath the basilica.
  • 21st Century: The basilica continues to be a major pilgrimage site and a significant cultural and historical landmark.

Architecture of the Basilica of St. Mary Major

architecture of basilica of st mary major

The Basilica of St. Mary Major is a mix of architectural styles, primarily Early Christian and Baroque. Its layout consists of a tall, wide nave flanked by aisles and ends with a semicircular apse, resembling a second-century imperial basilica. The nave’s marble columns are repurposed from an older structure that was made of Athenian marble and granite columns.

Highlights include the 16th-century coffered ceiling, gilded with Columbus's gold, the 1295 apse mosaic by Jacopo Torriti, and the 14th-century bell tower, the tallest in Rome. The 12th-century façade was redesigned in the 18th century by Ferdinando Fuga, preserving the original mosaics.

While the basilica's layout centers on a traditional plan, various additions and renovations have created a complex and layered architectural experience.

Frequently asked questions about the Basilica of St. Mary Major

How accessible is the Basilica for people with disabilities?

The entrance that is accessible for persons with disabilities is located in Piazza di Santa Maria Maggiore, to the right of the basilica's facade. This entrance has a ramp and the horizontal pedestrian circulation is easy to navigate. There are accessible toilet facilities within the basilica. People with a disability of over 74% and a companion can enter for free without queuing. They can obtain the free tickets directly from the "special permission" counter.

How can I obtain a plenary indulgence during the Jubilee Year?

During the Jubilee Year, the Catholic Church offers the faithful the opportunity to obtain a plenary indulgence. To receive the indulgence, one must make a pilgrimage to a designated Holy Door, such as the one at St. Mary Major. Participate in the sacrament of confession and receive Holy Communion. Pray for the intentions of the Pope and perform an act of charity or a good deed.

Are there any nearby attractions worth visiting after the Basilica?

St. Mary Major is located in the busy area of Rome with several attractions within walking distance:

Are there any special pilgrimages or devotions associated with the basilica during the Jubilee?

The year leading up to the Jubilee (2024) will be marked as a Year of Prayer, encouraging the faithful to deepen their spiritual lives in preparation for the Jubilee. Pilgrims are encouraged to engage in traditional devotional practices, such as praying the Rosary or visiting specific chapels within the basilica dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Various community events and gatherings will be organized to foster spiritual growth and community engagement during the Jubilee Year.

Are there any pilgrimage routes that include the Basilica of St. Mary Major?

Yes, St. Mary Major is part of the Christian Rome itinerary, which includes other significant churches such as St. Peter's Basilica, St. John Lateran, and St. Paul Outside the Walls. This route is popular among pilgrims, especially during Jubilee years.

Are there any notable tombs or chapels within the Basilica?

The Basilica of St. Mary Major houses several notable tombs and chapels. Highlights include the final resting place of the renowned sculptor, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and the stunning Borghese Chapel, famous for its miraculous icon. You'll also find the tomb of Pope Sixtus V in the basilica's Sistine Chapel (not to be confused with the Vatican's). The basilica is also a papal burial ground, with six popes laid to rest here. Other must-sees are the tomb of Pope Innocent III, adorned with beautiful religious art, the serene Chapel of the Holy Sacrament, the spiritually charged Sancta Sanctorum with its legendary Holy Stairs, and the chapels dedicated to the basilica's patron saints, John the Baptist and John the Evangelist.

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Headout is an authorized and trusted partner of the venue, offering curated experiences to enjoy this attraction. This is not the venue's website.